Which of the following is an example of the substituted judgment standard?
a) A physician makes a medical decision for a patient based upon what the physician thinks the patient would want were they able to make a decision by themselves.
b) A physician makes a medical decision for a patient that the physician thinks is in the best interests of the patient and is what any rational person would want.
c) A physician makes a medical decision for a patient based upon what that patient's surrogate decision-maker wants.
d) A physician makes a medical decision for a patient based upon what will produce the best clinical outcome.